in a hard sense. David Kupp’s study of the Emmanuel theme describes Jesus as the “God-with-us Messiah,” and yet, “Matthew never openly asserts that Jesus is divine. Although I have used the term ‘divine presence’ continuously in connection with Jesus, it does not require that Jesus is God.”110 This is problematic, however: the fact that Kupp is happy to talk of the worship of Jesus highlights the incoherence here.111 This soft sense of Jesus as divine presence does not quite do justice to Jesus’